The Bacteriological Quality Of Water From Alternative Sources In Bukavu, Democratic Republic Of Congo
Volume 3 - Issue 8, August 2019 Edition
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Author(s)
Gervais RUGENGE BAGUMA, Moise BAZIROGWERHE BAMBONERERE
Keywords
Congo DR, drinking water quality, contamination factors
Abstract
Bukavu, the capital city of the South Kivu province, is a growing city due to rampant demographics and rural exodus aggravated by rural insecurity. With around 1 million inhabitants, it faces a decade of water scarcity exacerbated in the dry season following the unability of the state company to provide drinking water to the whole city. Households draw drinking water from sources below the neighborhoods, in Lake Kivu or in the Ruzizi River, with the consequences of the high prevalence of waterborne diseases including cholera. This study was conducted in order to determine the bacteriological quality of water from these sources and the contamination factors. In may 2018. water samples were collected from 49/76 existing sources selected at random. The analysis was conducted in the light of the WHO guidelines on water quality. Samples were collected in Whirl Pack bags and analyzed in the Panzi General Hospital laboratory. Total forms of Coli were isolated and enumerated using membrane filtration technique and growth on the membrane lauric sulphate (MLSB) broth while the MacConkey broth was used for isolation of Escherichia coli, and the TCBs Agar for the isolation of the Vibrio cholerae. The results show that water from almost all the alternative sources in Bukavu is unsafe for drinking because they are contaminated by Escherichia coli (94%) and vibrio cholerae (22.4%).The risk factors for contamination are anarchic constructions, undeveloped and unprotected sources from human or animal fecal material. To cope with this, the provincial government and its partners should intensify awareness on the need to boil or purify water from these sources before consumption and consider the development of some sources while waiting for a definitive solution.
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