Growth Parameters And Electrolytes’ Status Of Growing Pigs Fed Graded Levels Of Crude Oil-Containing Diets
Volume 4 - Issue 4, April 2020 Edition
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Author(s)
Ntinya C. Johnson, Joy A. Okejim , Annie O. Amakiri
Keywords
Growth parameters, Electrolytes, Crude Oil and Pig.
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of graded levels of crude oil consumption on the growth performance and electrolytes in growing pigs. 24 growing pigs weighing on average 9 ± 1.4 (mean ± SD) kg body weight (BW) were used in the study. There were four crude oil dietary treatments as: 0g (control group), 10g, 15g and 20g crude oil/kg of diet. Animals were weighed to obtain their initial BW and randomly assigned to their individual pens and allowed 14-d to adapt to their new environment after which they were presented with their experimental diets. There were 4 pigs per treatment. Animals were fed at 5% of their BW for 4 weeks after which all animals were weighed again to obtain their final BW for determining average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE). Blood samples were collected humanely from all animals into tubes and immediately snap frozen for electrolyte analyses: sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-). There were no differences (P > 0.05) in the ADFI of diets 1 to 3. Diet 4 ADFI was significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared with diets 1 to 3. The ADG of diets 1 and 2 were similar (P > 0.05). The ADG of diets 3 and 4 were significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared with those of diets 1 and 2 while diet 4 demonstrated the lowest ADG. The FE mirrored ADG. Na+ serum levels were similar (P > 0.05) for diets 1 and 2 but animals on diets 3 and 4 had similar levels that were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of diets 1 and 2. K+ and Cl- serum levels also mimicked those of Na+. It was concluded that the threshold of crude oil ingestion for pigs lies between 10g and 15g/kg of diet because beyond the 10g/kg diet level ADFI, ADG and FE were impeded. Similarly, beyond the 10g crude oil/kg of diet Na+, P+ and Cl- sera levels were compromised.
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