Does Gross Domestic Products Granger Cause Environmental Pollution In Nigeria Or Vice Versa?
Volume 2 - Issue 8, August 2018 Edition
[Download Full Paper]
Author(s)
Bassey Enya Ndem, Egesi, Onyemaechi Kevin
Keywords
Environment, carbon dioxide emission, pollution, economic growth, granger causality and Niger Delta
Abstract
This study examined the causal relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth in Nigeria. It therefore employed the Granger causality test to investigate the interrelationship between carbondioxide (Co2) emission (environmental pollution) and economic growth in Nigeria and vice versa. It was surprising to found that environmental pollution promotes economic growth in Nigeria, but economic growth does not promote environmental pollution in Nigeria. This is because, Nigeria depend mostly on pollution prone activities for her income owing from the massive pollution of the Niger Delta area which is the major income source for Nigeria, to the burning of fuel (CO2 emission) for other economic activities by firms and individual. The study then recommend that: government should initiate better policy measure that will reduce the level of pollution even while striving to achieve certain level of economic growth to protect the environment from degradation.
References
[1]. Akbostanci, E., Turut-Asik, S. & Tunc, I. G. (2009), The Relationship Between Income and Environment in Turkey: Is there an environmental Kuznets Curve?, Energy Policy, 37, pp 861-867
[2]. Alege, P. O., Ogundipe, A. A., (2013) Environmental Quality and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Fractional Cointegration Analysis: International Journal of Development and Sustainability. Online ISSN: 2168 – 8662 – www.isdnet.com/ijds Volume 2 Number 2. ISDS Article ID: IJDS13011502
[3]. Bello, O., Abimbola, W (2010). Sustainable strategies for housing the urban poor : A case study of Lagos Nigeria, University of Ife Press. 87-101.
[4]. Carvalho V. A. & Eduardo, L. (2012). Organizing matters: how “the social dimension†gets lost in sustainability projects. Sustainable Development Journal 20(1):18–27.
[5]. Coondoo, D., & Dinda, S., (2002). Causality between income and emission: a country group-specific econometric analysis. Journal of Ecological Economics, 40: 351- 367.
[6]. Deacon, R.T. & C.S. Norman (2004). "Does the Environmental Kuznets Curve Describe
[7]. How Individual Countries Behave?". Land Economics. vol.82. 2 (2000). pp. 291 – 315.
[8]. Grossman, G. M. (1995). Pollution and growth: what do we know? In: I. Goldin and L. A. Winters (Editors) The Economics of Sustainable Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 19-47.
[9]. Kemp, Benedict E, (2003), Travelling Along The Environmental Kuznets Curve. Case Study number 2, a scripting language for sustainability scenario
[10]. Kuznets, R., (1955). On the Robustness of Robustness Checks of the Environmental Sustainability, FEEM Nota di Lavoro n. 22, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Milan, Italy.
[11]. Mohammed, A. M. (2010). Techniques of energy savings in the sustainable urban built environment, Australasian Journal of construction Economic and Building, 12 (2), 55-71
[12]. Nzeh, O. (2009) Vanguard News paper 27th August Edition page 13
[13]. Omisakin, O. A. (2009). Exchange rate pass through to domestic price and output in Nigeria. International Journal of Business Management, vol 3(3), pp 38-42.
[14]. Perman, R. & Stern, D. I. (2003). Evidence from panel unit root and cointegration tests that the environmental Kuznets curve does not exist. Australian journal of Agriculture and Resource Economics, 47(325-347.
[15]. Samimi, A. J. (2006). Environmental Performance index and economic growth: Evidence from some selected developing countries in West Africa, Australian journal of basic and applied sciences, 4(8) pp 3098 – 3102, 2010, issn1991 - 8178
[16]. Smulders, S. (2000). Economic Growth and Environmental Quality. Principles of environmental and Resources Economics. Henk Folmer and JLandis Gabel (eds), Edward Elgar.
[17]. Stern, D. I. (2004). The rise and fall of the environmental Kuznets curve. World Development, 32(8), 1419-1439.
[18]. Strand, T. (Editor) 2010. Economic policies for sustainable development. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers
