International Journal of Advanced Research and Publications (2456-9992)

Effect Of Therapeutic Lithium Carbonate Doses On Rat Brain Content Of Mood Regulating Neurotransmitters

Volume 1 - Issue 5, November 2017 Edition
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Author(s)
Abdel-Hamid, NM, El-Shaer, SS , Gad, A
Keywords
Lithium carbonate; Brain tissue; Bipolar Disorders; Neuroprotective; Neurotransmitters; Amino acids; Dopamine; Histamine; Magnesium, Calcium.
Abstract
The anti-depressant value of lithium on rat brain tissue was studied at different treatment periods to explore its impact on brain neurotransmitters related to mood disorders (dopamine and histamine) ,precursors with further highlighting on minerals implicated in their synthesis (magnesium and calcium). We examined a therapeutic dose (75 mg/kg/d) on four groups of rats, 6/each, grouped according to duration into, control group; given saline (group 1), acute study group; given single dose, left for 2 hours (group 2), sub-acute study group; given a dose each 3 days for 2 weeks (group 3) and a chronic study group; given a dose each 3 days for a month (group 4). Brain content of dopamine and histamine was significantly decreased on acute treatment, but increased for dopamine and decreased for histamine after 2 weeks while it flipped for each of them after one month of administration. Gama aminobutyrate (GABA), glycine and histidine were significantly decreased after each period of treatment while phenyl alanine was significantly decreased only after a month of treatment. These changes occurred with increased magnesium and decreased calcium brain content on both acute and sub-acute treatment. Brain content of both of them was decreased on chronic treatment. These actions reveal that lithium has a remarkable effect on brain neuronal function which probably postulates an interesting impact of lithium treatment in shifting amino acids and needed minerals in direction of improving the mood, through neurotransmission homeostasis. List of abbreviations: 5HT: serotonin; AA: arachidonic acid; Ach: acetylcholine; AD: Alzheimer disease; BD: bipolar disorder; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate; Cdk5: cyclin-dependent kinase 5; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GABA: gamma-Aminobutyric acid; GSK3: Glycogen synthase kinase 3; HDAC: Histone deacetylase; IL-1β: Interleukin 1 beta; IL-6: Interleukin 6; IP3: inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate; NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartic acid; PAI-1: plasminogen activatorinhibitor-1; PD: Parkinson's disease; SNc: substantianigra pars compacta; TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha.
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