Methodology In Production Of Local Integrated Fish Meal: Our Affordability In Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
Volume 2 - Issue 1, January 2018 Edition
[Download Full Paper]
Author(s)
Victor. N Enwemiwe
Keywords
Methodology, local integrated fish meal, affordability and Delta State
Abstract
Fish for food is a vital resource for indigenous people in Nigeria, known for their hyper-prolific proteins and immerse contribution in rich dietary symbolism for daily nutritional healthiness. Due to high cost and shortage in commercialized fish meal, it was deemed to design a formulated preparation and processing techniques for local integrated fish meal which would provide a guide to unmarketable production and the catalyst for commercialization of integrated fish feed production process to lessen financial stress on fish farming. Macronutrients including carbohydrates, protein and fat feedstuffs were partitioned in category B, A and C respectively while category D indicated micronutrient feedstuffs. Preparation techniques and formulations for selected feedstuffs stacked in categories involve proper milling, thorough mixing, packing in cellophane at considerable quantity, steaming for recommended hours, sun drying to cake, cutting into pellets or desired sizes and storing in dry cool non-freezing sections of the refrigerator for storage longevity before use. Calculations to justify that integrated feed product meets standard requirement adopted the Pearson square method. Fresh cow blood is the familiar waste vital product known as the principal feed-meal ingredient for the feedstuff integration in this study. Therefore, it is recommended that the incorporation of local integrated fish meal to supplement for high-cost of feed meal and fish nutritionist in mass production of the local integrated at affordable cost be encouraged, that more supplementary feed production techniques be sorted and reported by local fish farmers to allow for continuity in fish farming. Finally, more research to explore the susceptibility and impact of integrated fish meals on increasing length-weight gain of fish species for successes in fish mass production and fish sustainability for high quality protein requisite of indigenes is required.
References
[1]. Adebayo, O. T. and I. C. Quadri. “Dietary protein level and Feeding rate for Hybrid Clarid Catfish, Clarias gariepinus x Heterobranus bidorsallis in homestead tanks,†Journal of Applied Aquaculture 17 (1), Pp 97-106. 2005.
[2]. Adewumi, A. A. “Bovine blood and rumen digesta in catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) diet,†European Journal of Scientific Research. 83 (2), Pp 167-172. 2012.
[3]. Adikwu; I.A. “A review of Aquaculture Nutrition in Aquaculture Development in Nigeria. National Workshop on Fish Feed Development and Feeding Practices in Aquaculture Organized by Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON) in Collaboration with National Institute of Fresh Water Fisheries Research (NIFFR) and FAO National Special Programme for Food Security (FAO-NSPFS),†34 - 42. 2003.
[4]. Agbabiaka, I.A., Madubuike, F. N. and Uzoagba, C. U. “Performance of catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) fed enzyme supplemented dried rumen digesta,†Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development 4(2), Pp 22 -26. 2012.
[5]. Agbebi, O.T., Otubusin, S.O. and Ogunleye, F.O. “Effect of different levels of substitution of fish meal with blood meal in pelleted feeds on catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1882) culture in net cages,†European Journal of Scientific Research 31(1), Pp 6-10. 2009.
[6]. Alegbeleye WO, Oresegun A. “Nutritive Value of Three Terrestrial Lumbrid Worms for Oreochromis niloticus . In: Sustainable Utilization of Aquatic Wetlands Resources,†Aquatic Society of Nigeria, Nigeria. 2009.
[7]. Balogun, T.F. “Poultry ration formulation and feed mixing. In: Proceeding Revamping poultry production management and feeding,†Training Manual. Eds. Ogundipe, S.O., Oni, O.O. and Sekoni, A.A. NAPRI, Shika, Zaria. 1992.
[8]. Chow K.W. “Chapter 21. Manufacturing Compounded Feed in Developing Countries. 1980.
[9]. Dairo, F.A.S, Aina, O.O. and Asafa, A.R. “Performance evaluation of growing rabbits feed varying levels of rumen contents mixture,†Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 32, Pp 67-72. 2005.
[10]. Delgedo C.L, Minot N. “GRP27 Proposal- Participation in High- Value Agricultural Markets’’ Presented at IFPRI. 2003.
[11]. Eyo, A.A., Falayi, B.A. and Adetunji, O.M. “Response of genetically improved Heterobranchus longifilis juvenile to different diets containing beniseed meal and extruded soybean meal,†Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Science and Technology 8(2), Pp 29-33. 2004.
[12]. Fagbenro O.A. “Observation on Macadamia press cake as supplemental field for monosex Tilapia guineensis (Pisces: C. ch: dal)†J. Aquac. Trop, 7, Pp 91-94. 1993.
[13]. Falayi, B.A. “Techniques in Fish Feed Manufacture. In: National Workshop on Fish Feed Development and Feeding Practices in Aquaculture Organized by Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON) in Collaboration with National Institute of Fresh Water Fisheries Research (NIFFR) and FAO National Special Programme for Food Security (FAO-NSPFS),†Pp43 - 55. 2003.
[14]. FAO. “Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations World Review of Fisheries and Aquaculture 2010,†Available at: http: // www. fao. org / docrep / 013 / i1820e / i1820e01.pdf. Accessed June 15, 2017.
[15]. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations FAO, on the state of the world fisheries and aquaculture part I: World Review of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Rome. 2012.
[16]. Gabriel, U.U., Akinrotimi, O.A., Bekibele, D.O., Onunkwo, D.N. and Anyanwu, P. African Journal of Agricultural Research 2(7), Pp 287- 295. 2007.
[17]. Glencross, B., Hawkins, W., Veitch, E., Dods, K., McCafferty, P. and Hauler, R. “The influence of dehulling efficiency on the digestible value of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) kernel meal when fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss),†Aquaculture Nutrition 13, Pp 462-470. 2007.
[18]. Laporte, J., Woodgate, S.L., Davis, S.J. and Gouveia, A. “Combining blood meal with other animal protein sources in compound aquafeed,†International Aquafeed 7(8), Pp 12-18. 2009.
[19]. Lim C, Dommy W. “Utilization of plant protein by warm water fish, in Wilson R.P. (eds), Proc. World Cong. Onve. Prot. Utilisation in human food and animal feedstuff, pp. 245-251. 1989.
[20]. Nwokocha and Nwokocha. “Development of aquacultural feeds from locally available feedstuff: A giant step towards food security in Nigeria,†International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 3(7), Pp 296 – 314. 2013.
[21]. Odunsi, A. A. “Blend of bovine blood and rumen digesta as a replacement for fishmeal and groundnut cake in in layer diets,†International Journal of Poultry Science 2(1), Pp 58-61. 2003.
[22]. Okanlawon, S.S and Oladipupo, S.A. “Nutritional Evaluation of Snail Offal Meal as Animal Protein Supplement in the Diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings,†World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences 2(2), Pp 103-108. 2010.
[23]. Otubusin, S.D, Ogunleye, F.O. and Agbebi, O.T. “Feeding trials using local protein sources to replace fish meal in pelleted feeds in catfish (Clarias gariepinus) culture,†European Journal of Scientific Research 31(1), Pp 142- 147. 2009.
[24]. Robinson, E.H., Li, M.H. and Manning, B.B. “A practical guide to nutrition, feeds and Feeding of Catfish,†Mississipi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Bulletin No. 1113 (Second Revision). 2001.
[25]. Robinson, E.H., Menghe, H., Bruce, B.M. “A Practical Guide to Nutrition, Feeds and Feeding of Catfish. Bulletin 1113,†Office of Agriculture, Forestry and Veterinary Medicine at Mississippi State University. 2001.
[26]. Sauvant, D. “Tables of Composition and Nutritional Value of Feed Materials: Pigs, Poultry, Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Rabbits, Horses and Fish,†2nd Edn., Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands, ISBN-13: 9789076998411, Pp: 304. 2004.
[27]. Sikiru, B.O., Omobolanle, N.M., Ayorinde, B.J. and Adegoke, O.O. “Improving Clarias productivity towards achieving food security in Ijebu Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria: A socioeconomic analysis,†Advances in Biological Research 3(1-2):24-28. 2009.
[28]. Soltan, M.A., Hanafy, M.A. and Wafa, M.I.A. “Effect of replacing fish meal by a mixture of different plant protein sources in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) diets,†Global Veterinaria 2 (4), Pp 157-164. 2008.
[29]. Tacon A.G.J, Jauncey K, Falaye, A.E, Pantha M MacGowon F, Stafford AE. “The use of meat and bone meal, hydrolysed feather meal and soybean in practical fry and fingerling diet for Oreochromis niloticus,†In Fishelson L.(ed) proceedings of International Symposium on tilapia in Aquaculture, Nazareth, Israel, 8-13 May, 1983, pp. 356- 365. 1983.
[30]. Tingman, W., Jian, Z. and Xiaoshuan, Z. “Fish product quality evaluation based on temperature monitoring in cold chain,†African Journal of Biotechnology 9, Pp 6146- 6151. 2010.
[31]. Udo, I.U. and Umoren, U.E. “Nutritional Evaluation of Some locally available ingredients used for least-cost ration formulation for African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Nigeria. 2011.
[32]. Wilson, R. P and Y. Moreau. “Nutrient requirements of catfishes (Siluroidei). In: M. Legrende and J. P. Proteau (EDS) Biology and culture of catfishes,†Aquatic Living Resources 9, Horse series, p. 103-111. 1996.
