Comparative Studies On Graham Glass Condensing Model Types “As†And “Bs†For Extraction Of Natural Dyes From Lawsonia Inermis
Volume 1 - Issue 5, November 2017 Edition
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Author(s)
Jekada J.Z., Gonah C. M.,, Garkida A. D.,, Ladam Z
Keywords
Graham Condenser, Extraction and Lawsonia Inermis
Abstract
This study was undertaken with a view to investigating the effect of the number of bulbs on the performance Graham outer jacket glass condensers. AutoCAD was used to design Graham condensers varying the number of bulbs from one to ten (1-10) on the outer jacket; while maintaining the following specifications: outer bulbs size of θ48 mm, distance from bulb to bulb 18mm,inner tube length θ 9/679 mm, outer tube length θ 40/720, outlets and inlets θ 9/1.5 mm and the length of quick fit 84 mm. Ten (10) assorted pieces of each type “As†and “Bs†of this modified structures of Graham condensing models were fabricated. For types “As†Graham condensers, the outlet and inlet tubes were joined to their jackets while for the type “Bs†Graham models, the outlet and the inlet tubes were joined directly to their inner tubes. The performance of these condensers were evaluated using extraction protocol involving leave of lawsonia inermis (natural dye) acetone used as solvent. Results of extraction obtained showed types “Asâ€Graham condensing models gave the highest yield of crude extracts of 43.00% and types “Bs†condensing models with 7 bulbs yielded 41.35%.
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